{"id":188,"date":"2024-11-18T10:33:04","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T10:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/?page_id=188"},"modified":"2026-04-07T08:21:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T08:21:55","slug":"kremnicke-vrchy-ees","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/lokality-a-platformy\/kremnicke-vrchy-ees\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><ins>DEIMS.iD: <\/ins><\/strong><ins><a href=\"https:\/\/deims.org\/4c3159e4-4630-4309-940b-8ece71514b77\">https:\/\/deims.org\/4c3159e4-4630-4309-940b-8ece71514b77<\/a><\/ins><br><strong><ins>Koordin\u00e1tor lokality<\/ins><\/strong><ins>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ife.sk\/\">\u00dastav ekol\u00f3gie lesa SAV<\/a>, v.v.i., Ing. Milan Barna, PhD.,<\/ins><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94bc23d7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p><div class=\"leaflet-map WPLeafletMap\" style=\"height:456px; width:100%;\"><\/div><script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMapShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar baseUrl = atob('aHR0cHM6Ly90aWxlLm9wZW5zdHJlZXRtYXAub3JnL3t6fS97eH0ve3l9LnBuZw==');\nvar base = (!baseUrl && window.MQ) ?\n    window.MQ.mapLayer() : L.tileLayer(baseUrl,\n        L.Util.extend({}, {\n            detectRetina: 0,\n        },\n        {\"subdomains\":\"abc\",\"noWrap\":false,\"maxZoom\":19}        )\n    );\n    var options = L.Util.extend({}, {\n        layers: [base],\n        attributionControl: false\n    },\n    {\"zoomControl\":false,\"scrollWheelZoom\":true,\"doubleClickZoom\":false,\"fitBounds\":true,\"minZoom\":0,\"maxZoom\":19,\"maxBounds\":null,\"attribution\":\"<a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/leafletjs.com\\\" title=\\\"A JS library for interactive maps\\\">Leaflet<\\\/a>; \\u00a9 <a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.openstreetmap.org\\\/copyright\\\">OpenStreetMap<\\\/a> contributors\"},\n    {});\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.createMap(options).setView([49.2169072,19.6714053],12);});<\/script><script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletkmlShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar src = 'https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/ees_kremnica.kml';\nvar default_style = {\"color\":\"white\",\"fillColor\":\"red\"};\nvar rewrite_keys = {\n    stroke : 'color',\n    'stroke-width' : 'weight',\n    'stroke-opacity' : 'opacity',\n    fill : 'fillColor',\n    'fill-opacity' : 'fillOpacity',\n};\n\/\/ htmlspecialchars converts & to \"&amp;\"; maybe unnecessarily, and maybe 3x\nvar ampersandRegex = \/&(?:amp;){1,3}\/g\nvar layer = L.ajaxGeoJson(src.replace(ampersandRegex, '&'), {\n    type: 'kml',\n    style : layerStyle,\n    onEachFeature : onEachFeature,\n    pointToLayer: pointToLayer\n});\nvar fitbounds = 0;\nvar circleMarker = 0;\nvar popup_text = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(\"\");\nvar popup_property = \"\";\nvar table_view = 0;\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar markerOptions = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nlayer.addTo( group );\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.geojsons.push( layer );\nif (fitbounds) {\n    layer.on('ready', function () {\n        this.map.fitBounds( this.getBounds() );\n    });\n}\nfunction layerStyle (feature) {\n    var props = feature.properties || {};\n    var style = {};\n    function camelFun (_, first_letter) {\n        return first_letter.toUpperCase();\n    };\n    for (var key in props) {\n        if (key.match('-')) {\n            var camelcase = key.replace(\/-(\\w)\/, camelFun);\n            style[ camelcase ] = props[ key ];\n        }\n        \/\/ rewrite style keys from geojson.io\n        if (rewrite_keys[ key ]) {\n            style[ rewrite_keys[ key ] ] = props[ key ];\n        }\n    }\n    return L.Util.extend(style, default_style);\n}\nfunction onEachFeature (feature, layer) {\n    var props = feature.properties || {};\n    var text;\n    if (table_view) {\n        text = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.propsToTable(props);\n    } else {\n        text = popup_property\n            ? props[ popup_property ]\n            : window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.template(\n                popup_text, \n                feature.properties\n            );\n    }\n    if (text) {\n        layer.bindPopup( text );\n    }\n}\n    function pointToLayer (feature, latlng) {\n    if (circleMarker) {\n        return L.circleMarker(latlng);\n    }\n    return L.marker(latlng, markerOptions);\n}});<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ekologick\u00fd experimentaln\u00fd stacion\u00e1r Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r je lokalitou dlhodob\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu v bukovom lesnom ekosyst\u00e9me.<br>\u2022 Buk lesn\u00fd (<em>Fagus sylvatica<\/em> L.) patr\u00ed medzi dreviny s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm prirodzen\u00fdm are\u00e1lom roz\u0161\u00edrenia v miernom p\u00e1sme Eur\u00f3py a tvor\u00ed \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu kostru zmie\u0161an\u00fdch a bukov\u00fdch lesov.<br>\u2022 Na Slovensku je buk lesn\u00fd dominantnou drevinou, zaberaj\u00facou pribli\u017ene 36 % lesnej plochy (2024: 35,8 %).<br>\u2022 Bukov\u00e9 lesy tvoria z\u00e1klad ekologicky stabiln\u00fdch karpatsk\u00fdch lesov, \u010d\u00edm predstavuj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd objekt dlhodob\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 pomery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r (EES) sa nach\u00e1dza v lokalite Such\u00e1 dolina, na jednom zo skupiny ju\u017ene zbiehaj\u00facich bo\u010dn\u00fdch hrebe\u0148ov Kremnick\u00fdch vrchov, v hornej \u010dasti povodia Kov\u00e1\u010dovsk\u00e9ho potoka (48\u00b038\u2032 s. \u0161., 19\u00b004\u2032 v. d.). Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka \u00fazemia sa pohybuje od 470 do 510 m, expoz\u00edcia je z\u00e1pado-juhoz\u00e1padn\u00e1 a sklon svahu dosahuje 12\u201320\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00f4dotvorn\u00fd substr\u00e1t je tvoren\u00fd andezitov\u00fdmi tufov\u00fdmi aglomer\u00e1tmi, z ktor\u00fdch sa vyvinula nas\u00fdten\u00e1 kambizem andozemn\u00e9ho typu s vysok\u00fdm obsahom skeletu, narastaj\u00facim s h\u013abkou (20\u201360 %). P\u00f4dny profil je na v\u0161etk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch EES podobn\u00fd. Povrchov\u00fd Ol-horizont (1\u20133 cm) tvor\u00ed opad listnat\u00fdch, menej ihli\u010dnat\u00fdch drev\u00edn a byl\u00edn, pod n\u00edm nasleduje tenk\u00fd Of-horizont (0,5\u20131 cm) tvoren\u00fd najm\u00e4 bukov\u00fdmi listami a kon\u00e1rikmi. Al-horizont je 6\u201310 cm hrub\u00fd, hlinit\u00fd a\u017e \u00edlovito-hlinit\u00fd, hnedo\u010diernej farby. Bv-horizont (50\u201370 cm) je tmavohned\u00fd, \u00edlovitohlinit\u00fd a\u017e \u00edlovit\u00fd, so \u0161kvrnami tufov\u00e9ho skeletu. Prechodov\u00fd B\/C-horizont (25\u201345 cm) m\u00e1 vysok\u00fd podiel skeletu a pod n\u00edm nasleduje C1-horizont, tvoren\u00fd preva\u017ene zvetr\u00e1vaj\u00facim tufom. Najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed Cn-horizont predstavuje pevn\u00fd, nezvetran\u00fd tuf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z klimatick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patr\u00ed EES do mierne tepl\u00e9ho, mierne vlhk\u00e9ho vrchovinov\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho okrsku B5. Pod\u013ea klimatologickej stanice SHM\u00da Slia\u010d (5,5 km v\u00fdchodne) je priemern\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00e1 teplota vzduchu 8,0 \u00b0C (norm\u00e1l 1961\u20131990) a priemern\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fahrn zr\u00e1\u017eok 687 mm. V obdob\u00ed rokov 2008\u20132014 sa na EES zaznamenala priemern\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00e1 teplota 8,6\u201310,2 \u00b0C. Absol\u00fatne minimum teploty dosiahlo \u201320,75 \u00b0C (3. 2. 2012) a maximum 40,80 \u00b0C (8. 8. 2013). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z typologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patr\u00ed lokalita do 3. lesn\u00e9ho vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho stup\u0148a, \u017eivn\u00e9ho radu B, skupiny lesn\u00fdch typov <em>Fagetum pauper inferiora<\/em> (lesn\u00fd typ 3312 \u2013 ostricov\u00e1 bu\u010dina ni\u017e\u0161ieho stup\u0148a). V bylinnom podraste dominuj\u00fa bu\u010dinov\u00e9 druhy, najm\u00e4 <em>Dentaria bulbifera<\/em> a <em>Carex pilosa<\/em>. Na miestach so zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm korunov\u00fdm krytom sa v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie uplat\u0148uj\u00fa druhy <em>Impatiens noli-tangere<\/em>, <em>Rubus hirtus<\/em> a <em>Rubus idaeus<\/em>. Na lokalite s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00e9 dve typick\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 submont\u00e1nnych bu\u010d\u00edn Slovenska \u2013 <em>Carici pilosae-Fagetum<\/em> a <em>Dentario bulbiferae-Fagetum<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u010dase zalo\u017eenia EES, v roku 1986, bol lesn\u00fd porast tvoren\u00fd zmie\u0161anou pribli\u017ene 85-ro\u010dnou kme\u0148ovinou s dominantn\u00fdm zast\u00fapen\u00edm buka oby\u010dajn\u00e9ho (62 %), jedle bielej (22 %), duba \u017eltkast\u00e9ho (7 %), hrabu oby\u010dajn\u00e9ho (6 %) a lipy malolistej (3 %). Do za\u010diatku v\u00fdskumu bol porast obhospodarovan\u00fd pod\u013ea platn\u00e9ho lesn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rskeho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u010diatkom roka 1989 boli realizovan\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ebovo-obnovn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy r\u00f4znej intenzity tak, aby vznikla ekos\u00e9ria pl\u00f4ch reprezentuj\u00facich f\u00e1zy clonn\u00e9ho rubu a maloplo\u0161n\u00e9ho holorubu. Zakmenenie bolo zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 na hodnoty 0,3 (intenz\u00edvny z\u00e1sah \u2013 porast I), 0,5 (stredn\u00fd z\u00e1sah \u2013 S) a 0,7 (mierny z\u00e1sah \u2013 M). Jedna plocha bola vyr\u00faban\u00e1 holorubom (H) a jedna ponechan\u00e1 bez z\u00e1sahu ako kontrola (K). Ekotop jednotliv\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch je ve\u013emi podobn\u00fd, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje porovnate\u013en\u00e9 hodnotenie vplyvu rozdielnej intenzity z\u00e1sahov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po 15 rokoch (febru\u00e1r 2004) nasledoval \u010fal\u0161\u00ed clonn\u00fd rub, pri\u010dom v poraste I bol vykonan\u00fd dorub a v porastoch S a M bolo zakmenenie zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 na 0,3 a 0,5. V roku 2009 bol dorub realizovan\u00fd aj v porastoch S a M. Po do\u0165a\u017een\u00ed matersk\u00fdch stromov (2012) sa plocha jednotliv\u00fdch porastov zjednotila na 0,35 ha (70 \u00d7 50 m). Cel\u00fd are\u00e1l je oploten\u00fd do v\u00fd\u0161ky 1,6 m s cie\u013eom eliminova\u0165 vplyv lesnej zveri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti prebieha v\u00fdskum na kontrolnej ploche s dospel\u00fdm porastom buka (130 rokov) a na ostatn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch je zameran\u00fd na v\u00fdvoj bukov\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov z prirodzenej obnovy vo f\u00e1zach mladiny a\u017e \u017er\u010foviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0160tudovan\u00e9 parametre<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskum na EES je koncipovan\u00fd ako dlhodob\u00fd multidisciplin\u00e1rny v\u00fdskum bukov\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu so zameran\u00edm na jeho \u0161trukt\u00faru, fungovanie a odozvu na r\u00f4zne formy lesn\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu. Pozornos\u0165 sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na prepojenie abiotick\u00fdch faktorov (svetlo, teplota, zr\u00e1\u017eky, p\u00f4da, p\u00f4dna voda, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 depoz\u00edcia) s biotick\u00fdmi zlo\u017ekami lesa \u2013 stromovou et\u00e1\u017eou, prirodzenou obnovou, bylinnou vrstvou, p\u00f4dnymi organizmami, hubami a vybran\u00fdmi skupinami \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznik ekos\u00e9rie porastov po prv\u00fdch z\u00e1sahoch v roku 1989 vytvoril jedine\u010dn\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny r\u00e1mec na sledovanie kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch aj dlhodob\u00fdch zmien lesn\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. Zn\u00ed\u017eenie zakmenenia viedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m vn\u00fatroporastovej kl\u00edmy a k signifikantn\u00fdm pr\u00edrastkov\u00fdm reakci\u00e1m bukov aj vo vy\u0161\u0161om veku. Rozdiely medzi variantmi sa prejavili najm\u00e4 v intenzite a d\u013a\u017eke trvania t\u00fdchto reakci\u00ed, ako aj vo v\u00fdvoji prirodzenej obnovy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dlhodob\u00fd v\u00fdskum na EES zah\u0155\u0148a najm\u00e4 tieto tematick\u00e9 okruhy: kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia a atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fa depoz\u00edciu, vn\u00fatroporastov\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 pomery, chemizmus p\u00f4d a p\u00f4dnu vodu, rast a alok\u00e1ciu biomasy stromovej vrstvy, morfol\u00f3giu a fyziol\u00f3giu bukov\u00fdch listov, podzemn\u00fa biomasu, dynamiku bylinn\u00e9ho podrastu, mykologick\u00e9 a fytopatologick\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, zdravotn\u00fd stav drev\u00edn, fenol\u00f3giu, v\u00fdvoj fytocen\u00f3z, prirodzen\u00fa obnovu a vz\u0165ahy medzi lesn\u00fdm ekosyst\u00e9mom a vybran\u00fdmi skupinami \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hist\u00f3ria v\u00fdskumu a bud\u00facnos\u0165 EES<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r vznikol v \u0161ir\u0161om kontexte rast\u00faceho z\u00e1ujmu o dlhodob\u00e9 sledovanie stavu lesn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov v Eur\u00f3pe v 80. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s imisn\u00fdm za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm a zhor\u0161uj\u00facim sa zdravotn\u00fdm stavom lesov. S\u00fa\u010dasne sa na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni formoval koncept dlhodob\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu (LTER), zalo\u017een\u00fd na kontinu\u00e1lnych meraniach na st\u00e1lych lokalit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EES Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy bol zalo\u017een\u00fd v roku 1986 a je v spr\u00e1ve \u00dastavu ekol\u00f3gie lesa Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied, v. v. i. Od roku 2008 je zaraden\u00fd do n\u00e1rodnej siete LTER Slovensko a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je registrovanou lokalitou v medzin\u00e1rodnej sieti ILTER. T\u00e1to integr\u00e1cia umo\u017e\u0148uje porovn\u00e1vanie v\u00fdsledkov s in\u00fdmi dlhodob\u00fdmi v\u00fdskumn\u00fdmi lokalitami a zapojenie do spolo\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch iniciat\u00edv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa na EES rie\u0161ia projekty zameran\u00e9 na deficit p\u00f4dnej vody a adapta\u010dn\u00e9 mechanizmy bukov\u00fdch lesov, fenologick\u00fa odozvu drev\u00edn a byl\u00edn v meniacich sa podmienkach prostredia, ako aj ekologick\u00e9 dopady imisn\u00fdch rez\u00eddu\u00ed a lesn\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu na mykologicko-fytopatologick\u00e9 pomery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bud\u00faci v\u00fdskum je orientovan\u00fd najm\u00e4 na hodnotenie dopadov klimatickej zmeny, extr\u00e9mov po\u010dasia, zmien vodn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu p\u00f4d a dlhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja produkcie a stability bukov\u00fdch lesov. EES predstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 modelov\u00e9 \u00fazemie na prep\u00e1janie ekologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu s ot\u00e1zkami adapt\u00edvneho a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho lesn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Publik\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Mih\u00e1l, I., 2024. Indicators of restoration in beech stands after air pollution: trees and macromycetes. <em>Folia Oecologica<\/em>, 51 (2): 185\u2013195. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/foecol-2024-0018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/foecol-2024-0018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rastislav Jan\u00edk, Martin Kubov, Branislav Schieber. 2023. The ground-level ozone concentration in forest and urban environments in central Slovakia. <em>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment<\/em>, 195: 24. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10605-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10605-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kon\u00f4pka, B., Barna, M., Bosela, M., Lukac, M. 2020. Biomass Allocation to Resource Acquisition Compartments Is Affected by Tree Density Manipulation in European Beech after Three Decades. <em>Forests<\/em>, 11, 940.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f11090940\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f11090940<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cerneck\u00e1, \u013d., Mih\u00e1l, I., Gajdo\u0161, P., Jar\u010du\u0161ka, B. The effect of canopy openness of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests on ground-dwelling spider communities. <em>Insect Conservation and Diversity<\/em>, 2020, vol. 13, iss. 3, p. 250-261. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/icad.12380\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/icad.12380<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Martin Kubov, Branislav Schieber, Rastislav Jan\u00edk. 2019. Seasonal dynamics of macronutrients in aboveground biomass of two herb-layer species. <em>Biologia<\/em>, 74: 1415-1424.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11756-019-00317-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11756-019-00317-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Branislav Schieber, Martin Kubov, Rastislav Jan\u00edk. 2017. Effects of climate warming on vegetative phenology of the common beech Fagus sylvatica in a submontane forest of the Western Carpathians: two-decade analysis. <em>Polish Journal of Ecology<\/em>, 65: 339-351. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3161\/15052249PJE2017.65.3.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3161\/15052249PJE2017.65.3.003<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kukla, J., Bublinec, E., Schieber, B., Kellerov\u00e1, D., Bi\u010d\u00e1rov\u00e1, S., Jan\u00edk, R. Immission-load-related dynamics of S-S-SO42\u2212 in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems. <em>Folia Oecologica<\/em>, 2017: 96-106. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/foecol-2017-0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/foecol-2017-0012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cerneck\u00e1, \u013d., Mih\u00e1l, I., Jar\u010du\u0161ka, B. 2017.Response of ground-dwelling harvestman assemblages (Arachnida: Opiliones) to European beech forest canopy cover. <em>European Journal of Entomology<\/em>, 114: 334-342. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14411\/eje.2017.042\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14411\/eje.2017.042<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Horemans, J.A., Bosela, M., Dobor, L., Barna, M., Bahyl, J., Deckmyn, G., Fabrika, M., Sedmak, R., Ceulemans, R. 2016. Variance decomposition of prediction of stem biomass increment for European beech: Contribution of selected sources of uncertainty. <em>Forest Ecology and Management<\/em>, 361: 46\u201355. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.10.048\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.10.048<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Bo\u0161e\u013ea, M.: Tree Species Diversity Change in Natural Regeneration of a Beech Forest under Different Management. <em>Forest Ecology and Management<\/em>, 2015, 342, p. 93 \u2013 102. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.01.017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.01.017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., 2015. Produktivita a fungovanie bukov\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu: Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r \u2013 Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy (Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 Karpaty). Productivity and functioning of the beech ecosystem: Ecological Experimental Station \u2013 Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy Mts. (Western Carpathians). In <em>Lesn\u00edcky \u010casopis &#8211; Forestry Journal,<\/em> 61, 4, 252\u2013261.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B., Kubov, M., Pavelka, M., Jan\u00edk, R., 2015: Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest<em>. Folia oecologica<\/em>, 42:35\u201345.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B., 2014: Effect of altitude on phenology of selected forest plant species in Slovakia (Western Carpathians). <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 41:75\u201381.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sta\u0161iov, S., Svitok, M., 2014: The influence of stand density on the structure of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities in the submountain beech forest. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 41:195\u2013201.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dubov\u00e1, M., 2014: Sodium in precipitation in a beech forest ecosystem in the Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy Mts (Western Carpathians). <em>Ekol\u00f3gia<\/em> (Bratislava), 33:36\u201347.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuklov\u00e1, M., Hnili\u010dkov\u00e1, H., Hnili\u010dka, F., Kukla, J., 2014: Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 41:53\u201361.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jan\u00edk, R., Bublinec, E., Dubov\u00e1, M., 2014: Space-time patterns of soil pH and conductivity in submountain beech ecosystems in the West Carpathians. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 41:141\u2013145.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kellerov\u00e1, D., Jan\u00edk, R., 2014: Analysis of ambient ozone in a foothill area in the Western Carpathians. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 41:146\u2013152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B., Jan\u00edk, R., Snopkov\u00e1, Z. 2013. Phenology of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along the altitudinal gradient in Slovak Republic (Inner Western Carpathians). Journal of Forest Science, 59: 176-184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jan\u00edk, R., Bublinec, E., Dubov\u00e1, M., 2012: The concentration of SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2\u2013<\/sup> and amount of S-SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2\u2013<\/sup> in soil water and throughfall in beech forest of \u0160tiavnick\u00e9 vrchy Mts, Slovakia <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 39:28\u201335.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mih\u00e1l, I.: Species Diversity, Abundance and Dominance of Macromycetes in Beech Forest Stands with Different Intensity of Shelterwood Cutting Interventions. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 2012, 39, 1, p. 53 \u2013 62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M. 2011. Natural regeneration of Fagus sylvatica L.: a&nbsp;Review. Austrian <em>Journal of Forest Science<\/em>, 128:71\u201392.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Schieber, B. 2011. Climate response to forest management in beech stands. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 38:8\u201316.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Kulfan, J., Bublinec, E.: Buk a bukov\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my Slovenska. Bratislava: VEDA, 2011, 636 s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Sedm\u00e1k, R., Maru\u0161\u00e1k, R.: Response of European Beech Radial Growth to Shelterwood Cutting. <em>Folia oecologica<\/em>, 2010, 37, 2, p. 125 \u2013 136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna, M., Schieber, B., Cic\u00e1k, A. 2009. Effect of post-cutting changes in site conditions on the morphology and phenology of naturally regenerated beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.). <em>Polish Journal of Ecology<\/em>, 57:461\u2013472.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B., Jan\u00edk, R., Snopkov\u00e1, Z.: Phenology of Four Broad-Leaved Forest Trees in a&nbsp;Submountain Beech Forest. <em>Journal of Forest Science<\/em>, 2009, 55, 1, p. 15 \u2013 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barna M., 2008: The effects of cutting regimes on natural regeneration in submountain beech forests: species diversity and abundance. <em>Journal of Forest Science<\/em>, 54:533\u2013544.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B. 2007. Changes of flowering phenology of six herbal species in a beech forest (Central Slovakia): a decade analysis. <em>Polish Journal of Ecology<\/em>, 55: 233-244.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jamnicka, G., Bucinova, K., Havranova, I., Urban, A., 2007: Current state of mineral nutrition and risk elements in a beech ecosystem situated near the aluminium smelter in Ziar nad Hronom, Central Slovakia. <em>Fores Ecology and Management<\/em>, 248:26\u201335.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schieber, B. 2006. Spring phenology of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in submountain beech forest stand with various stocking between 1995-2004. <em>Journal of Forest Science<\/em>, 52: 208-216.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sedm\u00e1k, R., Barna, M., Maru\u0161\u00e1k, R. 2006. Radial growth responses to shelterwood cutting in beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica<\/em>) stands. In: F\u00fcrst C. et al. (Eds.): Future-oriented Concepts, Tools and Methods for Forest Management and Forest Research Crossing European Borders, Forstwiss. Beitr. Tharandt Contrib. Forest Sc. 28: 111-119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bublinec, E., Dubova, M., 1993: Annual dynamics of deposition of calcium and its ecological consequences for forest ecosystems. <em>Lesn\u00edcky \u010casopis &#8211; Forestry Journal<\/em>, 39:405\u2013413.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u0159elec, J. 1992: Vplyv \u0165a\u017ebov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu v bukovom poraste na&nbsp; zmeny osvetlenia. <em>Lesn\u00edcky \u010casopis &#8211; Forestry Journal,<\/em> 30:551\u2013558.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DEIMS.iD: https:\/\/deims.org\/4c3159e4-4630-4309-940b-8ece71514b77Koordin\u00e1tor lokality: \u00dastav ekol\u00f3gie lesa SAV, v.v.i., Ing. Milan Barna, PhD., Ekologick\u00fd experimentaln\u00fd stacion\u00e1r Kremnick\u00e9 vrchy \u2022 Ekologick\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny stacion\u00e1r je lokalitou dlhodob\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu v bukovom lesnom ekosyst\u00e9me.\u2022 Buk lesn\u00fd (Fagus sylvatica L.) patr\u00ed medzi dreviny s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm prirodzen\u00fdm are\u00e1lom roz\u0161\u00edrenia v miernom p\u00e1sme Eur\u00f3py a tvor\u00ed \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu kostru zmie\u0161an\u00fdch a bukov\u00fdch lesov.\u2022&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":85,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-188","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":624,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/188\/revisions\/624"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}