{"id":192,"date":"2024-11-18T10:35:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T10:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/?page_id=192"},"modified":"2025-02-18T09:12:45","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T09:12:45","slug":"tatras-alpine-summits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/lokality-a-platformy\/tatras-alpine-summits\/","title":{"rendered":"Alp\u00ednske vrcholy Tatier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>DEIMS.iD: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/deims.org\/013642b8-ff75-4abd-a3de-63cc93b4b21f\">https:\/\/deims.org\/013642b8-ff75-4abd-a3de-63cc93b4b21f<\/a><br><strong>Koordin\u00e1tor lokality<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uke.sav.sk\/\">\u00dastav krajinnej ekol\u00f3gie SAV, v.v.i.<\/a>, RNDr. R\u00f3bert Kanka, PhD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94bc23d7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p><div class=\"leaflet-map WPLeafletMap\" style=\"height:456px; width:100%;\"><\/div><script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMapShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar baseUrl = atob('aHR0cHM6Ly90aWxlLm9wZW5zdHJlZXRtYXAub3JnL3t6fS97eH0ve3l9LnBuZw==');\nvar base = (!baseUrl && window.MQ) ?\n    window.MQ.mapLayer() : L.tileLayer(baseUrl,\n        L.Util.extend({}, {\n            detectRetina: 0,\n        },\n        {\"subdomains\":\"abc\",\"noWrap\":false,\"maxZoom\":19}        )\n    );\n    var options = L.Util.extend({}, {\n        layers: [base],\n        attributionControl: false\n    },\n    {\"zoomControl\":false,\"scrollWheelZoom\":true,\"doubleClickZoom\":false,\"fitBounds\":true,\"minZoom\":0,\"maxZoom\":19,\"maxBounds\":null,\"attribution\":\"<a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/leafletjs.com\\\" title=\\\"A JS library for interactive maps\\\">Leaflet<\\\/a>; \\u00a9 <a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.openstreetmap.org\\\/copyright\\\">OpenStreetMap<\\\/a> contributors\"},\n    {});\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.createMap(options).setView([44.67,-63.61],12);});<\/script> <script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nvar marker = L.marker(\n    [49.1809389,19.9494108],\n    marker_options\n);\nvar is_image = map.is_image_map;\nif (marker_options.draggable) {\n    marker.on('dragend', function () {\n        var latlng = this.getLatLng();\n        var lat = latlng.lat;\n        var lng = latlng.lng;\n        if (is_image) {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker y=' + lat + ' x=' + lng);\n        } else {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker lat=' + lat + ' lng=' + lng);\n        }\n    });\n}\nmarker.addTo( group );\nmarker.bindPopup(window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(' &lt;script&gt;&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*&lt;script&gt;*\/&lt;br&gt;var map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();&lt;br&gt;var group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();&lt;br&gt;var marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});&lt;br&gt;var marker = L.marker(&lt;br&gt;    [0,0],&lt;br&gt;    marker_options&lt;br&gt;);&lt;br&gt;var is_image = map.is_image_map;&lt;br&gt;    marker.setLatLng( map.getCenter() );&lt;br&gt;if (marker_options.draggable) {&lt;br&gt;    marker.on(\\&#039;dragend\\&#039;, function () {&lt;br&gt;        var latlng = this.getLatLng();&lt;br&gt;        var lat = latlng.lat;&lt;br&gt;        var lng = latlng.lng;&lt;br&gt;        if (is_image) {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker y=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; x=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        } else {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker lat=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; lng=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        }&lt;br&gt;    });&lt;br&gt;}&lt;br&gt;marker.addTo( group );&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );&lt;br&gt;        });&lt;\/script&gt;Kr\u00ed\u017ena'));window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );\n        });<\/script><script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nvar marker = L.marker(\n    [49.2006561,19.9738728],\n    marker_options\n);\nvar is_image = map.is_image_map;\nif (marker_options.draggable) {\n    marker.on('dragend', function () {\n        var latlng = this.getLatLng();\n        var lat = latlng.lat;\n        var lng = latlng.lng;\n        if (is_image) {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker y=' + lat + ' x=' + lng);\n        } else {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker lat=' + lat + ' lng=' + lng);\n        }\n    });\n}\nmarker.addTo( group );\nmarker.bindPopup(window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(' &lt;script&gt;&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*&lt;script&gt;*\/&lt;br&gt;var map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();&lt;br&gt;var group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();&lt;br&gt;var marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});&lt;br&gt;var marker = L.marker(&lt;br&gt;    [0,0],&lt;br&gt;    marker_options&lt;br&gt;);&lt;br&gt;var is_image = map.is_image_map;&lt;br&gt;    marker.setLatLng( map.getCenter() );&lt;br&gt;if (marker_options.draggable) {&lt;br&gt;    marker.on(\\&#039;dragend\\&#039;, function () {&lt;br&gt;        var latlng = this.getLatLng();&lt;br&gt;        var lat = latlng.lat;&lt;br&gt;        var lng = latlng.lng;&lt;br&gt;        if (is_image) {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker y=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; x=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        } else {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker lat=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; lng=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        }&lt;br&gt;    });&lt;br&gt;}&lt;br&gt;marker.addTo( group );&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );&lt;br&gt;        });&lt;\/script&gt;Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kopa'));window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );\n        });<\/script> <script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nvar marker = L.marker(\n    [49.1498172,20.0208356],\n    marker_options\n);\nvar is_image = map.is_image_map;\nif (marker_options.draggable) {\n    marker.on('dragend', function () {\n        var latlng = this.getLatLng();\n        var lat = latlng.lat;\n        var lng = latlng.lng;\n        if (is_image) {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker y=' + lat + ' x=' + lng);\n        } else {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker lat=' + lat + ' lng=' + lng);\n        }\n    });\n}\nmarker.addTo( group );\nmarker.bindPopup(window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(' &lt;script&gt;&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*&lt;script&gt;*\/&lt;br&gt;var map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();&lt;br&gt;var group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();&lt;br&gt;var marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});&lt;br&gt;var marker = L.marker(&lt;br&gt;    [0,0],&lt;br&gt;    marker_options&lt;br&gt;);&lt;br&gt;var is_image = map.is_image_map;&lt;br&gt;    marker.setLatLng( map.getCenter() );&lt;br&gt;if (marker_options.draggable) {&lt;br&gt;    marker.on(\\&#039;dragend\\&#039;, function () {&lt;br&gt;        var latlng = this.getLatLng();&lt;br&gt;        var lat = latlng.lat;&lt;br&gt;        var lng = latlng.lng;&lt;br&gt;        if (is_image) {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker y=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; x=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        } else {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker lat=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; lng=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        }&lt;br&gt;    });&lt;br&gt;}&lt;br&gt;marker.addTo( group );&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );&lt;br&gt;        });&lt;\/script&gt;Sedielkov\u00e1 kopa'));window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );\n        });<\/script> <script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nvar marker = L.marker(\n    [49.1630067,20.0149775],\n    marker_options\n);\nvar is_image = map.is_image_map;\nif (marker_options.draggable) {\n    marker.on('dragend', function () {\n        var latlng = this.getLatLng();\n        var lat = latlng.lat;\n        var lng = latlng.lng;\n        if (is_image) {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker y=' + lat + ' x=' + lng);\n        } else {\n            console.log('leaflet-marker lat=' + lat + ' lng=' + lng);\n        }\n    });\n}\nmarker.addTo( group );\nmarker.bindPopup(window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(' &lt;script&gt;&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletMarkerShortcode() {\/*&lt;script&gt;*\/&lt;br&gt;var map = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentMap();&lt;br&gt;var group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();&lt;br&gt;var marker_options = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});&lt;br&gt;var marker = L.marker(&lt;br&gt;    [0,0],&lt;br&gt;    marker_options&lt;br&gt;);&lt;br&gt;var is_image = map.is_image_map;&lt;br&gt;    marker.setLatLng( map.getCenter() );&lt;br&gt;if (marker_options.draggable) {&lt;br&gt;    marker.on(\\&#039;dragend\\&#039;, function () {&lt;br&gt;        var latlng = this.getLatLng();&lt;br&gt;        var lat = latlng.lat;&lt;br&gt;        var lng = latlng.lng;&lt;br&gt;        if (is_image) {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker y=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; x=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        } else {&lt;br&gt;            console.log(\\&#039;leaflet-marker lat=\\&#039; + lat + \\&#039; lng=\\&#039; + lng);&lt;br&gt;        }&lt;br&gt;    });&lt;br&gt;}&lt;br&gt;marker.addTo( group );&lt;br&gt;window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );&lt;br&gt;        });&lt;\/script&gt;Kr\u00e1tka'));window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.markers.push( marker );\n        });<\/script> <script>\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin || [];\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.push(function WPLeafletkmlShortcode() {\/*<script>*\/\nvar src = 'https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/tatras.kml';\nvar default_style = {\"color\":\"red\",\"fillColor\":\"red\"};\nvar rewrite_keys = {\n    stroke : 'color',\n    'stroke-width' : 'weight',\n    'stroke-opacity' : 'opacity',\n    fill : 'fillColor',\n    'fill-opacity' : 'fillOpacity',\n};\n\/\/ htmlspecialchars converts & to \"&amp;\"; maybe unnecessarily, and maybe 3x\nvar ampersandRegex = \/&(?:amp;){1,3}\/g\nvar layer = L.ajaxGeoJson(src.replace(ampersandRegex, '&'), {\n    type: 'kml',\n    style : layerStyle,\n    onEachFeature : onEachFeature,\n    pointToLayer: pointToLayer\n});\nvar fitbounds = 1;\nvar circleMarker = 0;\nvar popup_text = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.unescape(\"\");\nvar popup_property = \"\";\nvar table_view = 0;\nvar group = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getCurrentGroup();\nvar markerOptions = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.getIconOptions({});\nlayer.addTo( group );\nwindow.WPLeafletMapPlugin.geojsons.push( layer );\nif (fitbounds) {\n    layer.on('ready', function () {\n        this.map.fitBounds( this.getBounds() );\n    });\n}\nfunction layerStyle (feature) {\n    var props = feature.properties || {};\n    var style = {};\n    function camelFun (_, first_letter) {\n        return first_letter.toUpperCase();\n    };\n    for (var key in props) {\n        if (key.match('-')) {\n            var camelcase = key.replace(\/-(\\w)\/, camelFun);\n            style[ camelcase ] = props[ key ];\n        }\n        \/\/ rewrite style keys from geojson.io\n        if (rewrite_keys[ key ]) {\n            style[ rewrite_keys[ key ] ] = props[ key ];\n        }\n    }\n    return L.Util.extend(style, default_style);\n}\nfunction onEachFeature (feature, layer) {\n    var props = feature.properties || {};\n    var text;\n    if (table_view) {\n        text = window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.propsToTable(props);\n    } else {\n        text = popup_property\n            ? props[ popup_property ]\n            : window.WPLeafletMapPlugin.template(\n                popup_text, \n                feature.properties\n            );\n    }\n    if (text) {\n        layer.bindPopup( text );\n    }\n}\n    function pointToLayer (feature, latlng) {\n    if (circleMarker) {\n        return L.circleMarker(latlng);\n    }\n    return L.marker(latlng, markerOptions);\n}});<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 pomery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Vysok\u00fdch Tatier a v najv\u00fdchodnej\u0161ej \u010dasti Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Tatier, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje geomorfologick\u00fd celok Liptovsk\u00e9 kopy. Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bodom Vysok\u00fdch Tatier je Gerlachovsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt (2655 m n. m.), Liptovsk\u00fdch k\u00f4p Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kopa (2052 m n. m.). Pod\u013ea klimatick\u00e9ho \u010dlenenia patr\u00ed \u00fazemie do chladnej oblasti a regi\u00f3nov chladn\u00fd horsk\u00fd a studen\u00fd horsk\u00fd. Geologicky prevl\u00e1daj\u00fa r\u00f4zne granitoidn\u00e9 horniny a vyskytuj\u00fa sa tu aj metamorfovan\u00e9 horniny (ruly). Z p\u00f4d sa tu vyvinuli najm\u00e4 podzoly, rankre a litozeme. Samotn\u00e9 plochy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v (sub)alp\u00ednskom a\u017e subniv\u00e1lnom p\u00e1sme, ni\u017e\u0161ie je vyvinut\u00e9 kosodrevinov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo, ktor\u00e9 nadv\u00e4zuje na smre\u010diny. Subalp\u00ednske p\u00e1smo (do cca 1800 \u2013 1900 m n. m) je prirodzene tvoren\u00e9 najm\u00e4 porastmi kosodreviny s chudobn\u00fdm podrastom. V oblasti je v\u0161ak v\u00fdznamne ovplyvnen\u00e9 hist\u00f3riou vyu\u017e\u00edvania, kedy bola horn\u00e1 hranica posunut\u00e1 o stovky metrov na zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie plochy pasienkov. Alp\u00ednsky stupe\u0148 je tvoren\u00fd preva\u017ene tr\u00e1vnat\u00fdmi spolo\u010denstvami, na kyslom podklade s\u00fa to hlavne vysokohorsk\u00e9 psicov\u00e9 porasty zv\u00e4zu <em>Nardion strictae<\/em>, \u010dast\u00e9 s\u00fa kyslomiln\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 n\u00edzkych kr\u00ed\u010dkov (<em>Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea<\/em>), zriedkavej\u0161ie s\u00fa spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 snehov\u00fdch v\u00fdle\u017e\u00edsk a pol\u00ed\u010dok (<em>Salicetea herbaceae<\/em>), rastlinn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 pramen\u00edsk (<em>Montio-Cardaminetea<\/em>) a vysokobylinn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 vlhk\u00fdch a\u017e mokr\u00fdch n\u00edv (<em>Mulgedio-Aconitetea<\/em>). Subniv\u00e1lne p\u00e1smo je typick\u00e9 nezapojenou veget\u00e1ciou, pri\u010dom jednotliv\u00e9 rastliny v extr\u00e9mnom reli\u00e9fe os\u00edd\u013euj\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 mikrostanovi\u0161tia (\u0161trbiny, sutiny, terasy a pod.). V porovnan\u00ed s alp\u00ednskym p\u00e1smom sa tu uplat\u0148uje men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det druhov cievnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn, v\u00fdrazne tu s\u00fa v\u0161ak zast\u00fapene ni\u017e\u0161ie rastliny, najm\u00e4 li\u0161ajn\u00edky.,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 pod\u013ea metodicky detailne definovanej sch\u00e9my na nasleduj\u00facich \u0161tyroch vrcholoch, pri\u010dom zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky hlavn\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00e9 typy charakteristick\u00e9 pre dan\u00e9 podmienky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Kr\u00ed\u017ena (1 918,6 m n. m.) sa nach\u00e1dza v podcelku Liptovsk\u00e9 kopy vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Tatier. Tento vrchol reprezentuje prechod medzi subalp\u00ednskym a alp\u00ednskym v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdm stup\u0148om;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kopa (2 052,4 m n. m.) sa nach\u00e1dza v Liptovsk\u00fdch kop\u00e1ch, vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Tatier. Reprezentuje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed alp\u00ednsky v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd stupe\u0148;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Sedielkov\u00e1 kopa (2 061,3 m n. m.) sa nach\u00e1dza v z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Vysok\u00fdch Tatier. Predstavuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed alp\u00ednsky v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd stupe\u0148);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Kr\u00e1tka (2 374,5 m n. m.) sa nach\u00e1dza vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch v r\u00e1zsoche Kriv\u00e1\u0148a. Zastupuje subniv\u00e1lny v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd stupe\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monitorovan\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161tyri presne definovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pl\u00f4ch s r\u00f4znou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou a umiestnen\u00edm, ako aj r\u00f4znou met\u00f3dou odhadu pokryvnosti resp. po\u010detnosti. Celkov\u00fd dizajn pl\u00f4ch vych\u00e1dza z najvy\u0161\u0161ieho bodu \u0161tyroch vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch vrcholov (Kr\u00ed\u017ena, Sedielkov\u00e1 kopa, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kopa, Kr\u00e1tka). Ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m pozost\u00e1va zo \u0161tyroch pl\u00f4ch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 1 m<sup>2<\/sup> pre ka\u017ed\u00fa svetov\u00fa stranu (t. j. s\u00fahrnne 16 pre ka\u017ed\u00fd vrchol), \u0161tyroch pl\u00f4ch ohrani\u010den\u00fdch piatimi v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi metrami a najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bodom a 4 pl\u00f4ch ohrani\u010den\u00fdch piatimi a desiatimi v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi metrami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa orientovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea hlavn\u00fdch svetov\u00fdch str\u00e1n (tzv. <em>summit area sections<\/em>). Celkovo je teda monitorovan\u00fdch 64 pl\u00f4ch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 1 m<sup>2 <\/sup>a 32 pl\u00f4ch typu <em>summit area section<\/em>. Na ploch\u00e1ch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 1 m<sup>2<\/sup> sa pokryvnos\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn odhaduje v percent\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 t\u00e1to plocha je rozdelen\u00e1 na sie\u0165 100 \u0161tvor\u010dekov s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 10 \u00d7 10 cm, kde sa ur\u010duje pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 resp. nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 druhov. Pre plochy typu <em>summit area section<\/em> sa na odhad pokryvnosti resp. po\u010detnosti vyu\u017e\u00edva ordin\u00e1lna p\u00e4\u0165\u010dlenn\u00e1 stupnica a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa vyu\u017eila aj dotykov\u00e1 met\u00f3da. Podrobnosti k metodike s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii na str\u00e1nke iniciat\u00edvy GLORIA (https:\/\/www.gloria.ac.at\/methods\/manual)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0160tudovan\u00e9 parametre<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Meteorologick\u00e9 parametre<\/strong>: teplota p\u00f4dy v h\u013abke cca 10 cm kontinu\u00e1lne meran\u00e1 pomocou dataloggerov. <br><strong>Veget\u00e1cia<\/strong>: rastlinn\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie a ich zast\u00fapenie pomocou pokryvnosti resp. po\u010detnosti, pr\u00edpadne pr\u00edtomnosti (v z\u00e1vislosti od typu plochy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V\u00fdsledky a \u00fadaje<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00edskan\u00fdch \u00fadajov bola spracovan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci celej iniciat\u00edvy GLORIA. V\u00fdstupom s\u00fa po\u010detn\u00e9 publik\u00e1cie v renomovan\u00fdch \u010dasopisoch. Glob\u00e1lne v\u00fdsledky potvrdili vertik\u00e1lnu migr\u00e1ciu rastlinn\u00fdch druhov v temper\u00e1tnych oblastiach a zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu rastlinn\u00fdch druhov v mediter\u00e1nnych oblastiach (Dullinger et al. 2007, Pauli et al. 2007, Gottfried et al., 2012, Pauli et al. 2012). \u010ciastkov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zo slovensk\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch poukazuj\u00fa tie\u017e na niektor\u00e9 zmeny (Kanka et al. 2005, 2011, 2014), v\u00fdsledky zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161tyroch monitorovac\u00edch cyklov sa moment\u00e1lne sprac\u00favaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hist\u00f3ria v\u00fdskumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideov\u00e9 korene v\u00fdskumu siahaj\u00fa do za\u010diatku 90. rokov 20. stor., kedy skupina okolo profesora Georga Grabherra v Rak\u00fasku za\u010dala pracova\u0165 na koncepte vyu\u017eitia vysokohorskej veget\u00e1cie ako indik\u00e1tora klimatick\u00fdch zmien. Metodika sa testovala a upravovala na z\u00e1klade 900 monitorovac\u00edch pl\u00f4ch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 1 \u00d7 1 m v rak\u00faskych Alp\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom bol rok 2001, kedy Eur\u00f3pska komisia schv\u00e1lila projekt 5. r\u00e1mcov\u00e9ho programu, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 dlhodob\u00e1 pozorovacia sie\u0165 monitorovac\u00edch pl\u00f4ch GLORIA (Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments) \u2013 Eur\u00f3psky rozmer glob\u00e1lnej observa\u010dno-v\u00fdskumnej iniciat\u00edvy v alpskom prostred\u00ed. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je do iniciat\u00edvy zapojen\u00fdch 138 regi\u00f3nov prakticky z cel\u00e9ho sveta. Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je k dispoz\u00edcii na str\u00e1nke https:\/\/www.gloria.ac.at\/home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dastav krajinnej ekol\u00f3gie SAV sa do iniciat\u00edvy GLORIA zapojil v roku 2000, kedy sa ter\u00e9nnym prieskumom vybrali v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy. V nasleduj\u00facom roku (2001) sa uskuto\u010dnil prv\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed cyklus. V zmysle jednotnej \u0161tandardizovanej metodiky sa v\u00fdskum uskuto\u010d\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00fdch sedem rokov. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa tak k dispoz\u00edcii v\u00fdsledky zo \u0161tyroch monitorovac\u00edch cyklov (2001, 2008, 2015, 2022) a najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed resampling je napl\u00e1novan\u00fd na rok 2029.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem iniciat\u00edvy GLORIA bola \u010das\u0165 v\u00fdskumu vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci projektov VEGA, najm\u00e4 2\/0025\/13: Aktu\u00e1lne vyu\u017e\u00edvanie vysokohorskej krajiny, jeho d\u00f4sledky na zmenu prostredia a hodnotenie \u00fanosnosti vybran\u00fdch parkov Slovenska a 2\/0048\/22: Zmeny krajinnej diverzity a biodiverzity v horsk\u00fdch a vysokohorsk\u00fdch oblastiach Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Karp\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Publik\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 v mno\u017estve vedeck\u00fdch pr\u00e1c ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru celej iniciat\u00edvy GLORIA, z ktor\u00fdch vyber\u00e1me:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dullinger, S., Kleinbauer, I., Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Brooker, R., Nagy, L., Theurillat, J.-P., Holten, J. I., Abdaladze, O., Benito, J.-L., Borel, J.-L., Coldea, G., Ghosn, D., Kanka, R., Merzouki, A., Klettner, C., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Reiter, K., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Tomaselli, M., Unterlugauer, P., Vittoz, P., Grabherr, G.: Weak and Variable Relationships between Environmental Severity and Small-Scale Co-Occurrence in Alpine Plant Communities. Journal of Ecology, 2007, 95, 6, p. 1284 \u2013 1295.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gottfried, M., Pauli, H., Futschik, A., Akhalkatsi, M., Baran\u010dok, P., Alonso, J. L. B., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Calzado, M. R. F., Kazakis, G., Kraj\u010d\u00ed, J., Larsson, P., Mallaun, M., Michelsen, O., Moiseev, D., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Merzouki, A., Nagy, L., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Pedersen, B., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Tomaselli, M., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Vogiatzakis, I., Grabherr, G.: Continent-Wide Response of Mountain Vegetation to Climate Change. Nature Climate Change, 2012, 2, p. 1 \u2013 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Reiter, K., Klettner, C., Grabherr, G.: Signals of Range Expansions and Contractions of Vascular Plants in the High Alps: Observations (1994\u20132004) at the GLORIA Master Site Schrankogel, Tyrol, Austria. Global Change Biology, 2007, 13, p. 147 \u2013 156.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Dullinger, S., Abdaladze, O., Akhalkatsi, M., Alonso, J. L. B., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Calzado, R. F., Ghosn, D., Holten, J. I., Kanka, R., Kazakis, G., Koll\u00e1r, J., Larsson, P., Moiseev, P., Moiseev, D., Molau, U., Mesa, J. M., Nagy, L., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Syverhuset, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Tomaselli, M., Unterluggauer, P., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Grabherr, G.: Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe\u2019s Mountain Summits. Science, 2012, 20, p. 353 \u2013 355.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Lamprecht, A., Niessner, S., Rumpf, S., Winkler, M., Steinbauer, K., Grabherr, G. (eds.): The GLORIA Field Manual \u2013 Standard Multi-Summit Approach, Supplementary Methods and Extra Approaches. 5th Edition. GLORIA-Co-ordination. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences &amp; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 2015, 137 p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zo \u0161tyroch monitorovac\u00edch cyklov striktne zo slovensk\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch sa aktu\u00e1lne sprac\u00favaj\u00fa, \u010diastkov\u00e9 poznatky s\u00fa zhrnut\u00e9 v nasleduj\u00facich publik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanka, R., Baran\u010dok, P., Koll\u00e1r, J.: Some Interesting Results of the Gloria Project in Slovak Carpathians. Mountain Observatories. Reno: University of Nevada, 2014, p. 79.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanka, R., Baran\u010dok, P., Kraj\u010d\u00ed, J.: V\u00fdskum diverzity vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn v alp\u00ednskom p\u00e1sme Tatier ako platforma na monitorovanie klimatick\u00fdch zmien. \u017divotn\u00e9 prostredie, 2011, 45, 2, s. 89 \u2013 92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanka, R., Koll\u00e1r, J., Baran\u010dok, P.: Monitoring of Climatic Change Impacts on Alpine Vegetation in the Tatry Mts. \u2013 First Approach. Ekol\u00f3gia (Bratislava), 2005, 24, 4, p. 411 \u2013 418.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DEIMS.iD: https:\/\/deims.org\/013642b8-ff75-4abd-a3de-63cc93b4b21fKoordin\u00e1tor lokality: \u00dastav krajinnej ekol\u00f3gie SAV, v.v.i., RNDr. R\u00f3bert Kanka, PhD. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 pomery V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 plochy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Vysok\u00fdch Tatier a v najv\u00fdchodnej\u0161ej \u010dasti Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Tatier, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje geomorfologick\u00fd celok Liptovsk\u00e9 kopy. Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bodom Vysok\u00fdch Tatier je Gerlachovsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt (2655 m n. m.), Liptovsk\u00fdch k\u00f4p Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kopa (2052 m n. m.). Pod\u013ea&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":85,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-192","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=192"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":563,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/192\/revisions\/563"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lter.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}